![]() These peristaltic movements occur all along the gut. The lining of the canal has muscles that contract rhythmically in order to push the food forward.The saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amylase that breaks down starch which is a complex molecule to give simple sugar.Saliva is secreted by the salivary glands.The alimentary canal is basically a long tube extending from the mouth to the anus.The remaining undigested material is moved to the surface of the cell and thrown out. Inside the food-vacuole, complex substances are broken down into simpler ones which then diffuse into the cytoplasm. Amoeba takes in food using temporary finger-like extensions of the cell surface which fuse over the food particle forming a food-vacuole.This parasitic nutritive strategy is used by a wide variety of organisms like cuscuta (amar-bel), ticks, lice, leeches, and tape-worms. Parasitic: Some other organisms derive nutrition from plants or animals without killing them.Holozoic: Others take in whole material and break it down inside their bodies.Examples are fungi like bread moulds, yeast, and mushrooms. Saprophytic: Some organisms break down the food material outside the body and then absorb it.Or it is taken up as organic compounds which have been prepared by bacteria from atmospheric nitrogen. Nitrogen is taken up in the form of inorganic nitrates or nitrites.Other materials like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and magnesium are taken up from the soil.Similarly, the pore closes if the guard cells shrink. The guard cells swell when water flows into them, causing the stomatal pore to open. The opening and closing of the pore are a function of the guard cells.Since large amounts of water can also be lost through these stomata, the plant closes these pores when it does not need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.The exchange of gases occurs across the surface of stems, roots, and leaves as well.Massive amounts of gaseous exchange take place in the leaves through stomatal pores for the purpose of photosynthesis.On Iodine test Blue-black color is obtained on that part of the leaf where photosynthesis occurs.Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis.Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.Splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.Conversion of light energy to chemical energy.Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll.Events Occurring during Photosynthesis:.Similarly, in our body, some of the energy derived from the food we eat is stored in our body in the form of glycogen.The carbohydrates which are not used immediately are stored in the form of starch.This material is taken in the form of carbon dioxide and water which is converted into carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. Photosynthesis: It is the process by which autotrophs take in substances from the outside and convert them into stored forms of energy.Carbon and energy requirements of the autotrophic organism are fulfilled by photosynthesis.To achieve this, organisms use bio-catalysts called enzymes. These complex substances have to be broken down into simpler ones before they can be used for the upkeep and growth of the body. Heterotrophs: Other organisms utilize complex substances. For example green plants and some bacteria. NutritionĪutotrophs: Some organisms use simple food material obtained from inorganic sources in the form of carbon dioxide and water. Transportation: A system for carrying food and oxygen from one place to another in the body.Įxcretion: The waste by-products are needed to be removed from the body and discarded outside by a process called excretion. Respiration: The process of acquiring oxygen from outside the body, and using it in the process of break-down of food sources for cellular needs, is called respiration. Nutrition: A process to transfer a source of energy from outside the body of the organism, which we call food, to the inside, is called nutrition. For Example Respiration (R), Excretion (E), Nutrition (N), and Transportation (T). Life Processes: The processes which together perform the repair and maintenance job inside a body are life processes. ![]() Subscribe to receive New Posts notifications in your email for free.How do Organisms obtain their Nutrition?.
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